School meal programs (SMP) reach one out of every two children aged 5-19 years globally. Recent events have highlighted the need to improve these programs’ sustainability and resilience. SMP have historically focused on the amelioration of food and nutrition insecurity and its impact on learning with relatively little attention on the health of the learner. Thus, significant gaps exist in our understanding of how these programs might improve critical short- and long-term health outcomes and how these outcomes can be measured in individuals and populations. This session will focus on 1) understanding factors influencing child nutrition ecology including internal (biology, genetics, health status) and external (home, community, physical) environments; 2) integrating that understanding into the assessment of SMPs; and 3) developing a framework to support the translation and implementation of that new knowledge to assess the need for and assessment of the impact of context-specific, equitable SMPs. The content of the session is based on a National Institutes of Health project entitled BOND-KIDS, a collaboration between the NIH, the USDA’s Foreign Agriculture Service, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and the Academy.